There is a separate Chapter on role of Sikh Gurdwaras in Europe. A comprehensive list is provided with year of foundation and its location. Chapter 20 deals with 'illegals' and their case histories. The author tries to probe as a researcher into the reasons of illegal migration. His study reveals that majority of illegals are in the age group 21-30, with poor level of education, mostly from rural areas (84%), with girls less than 10 percent among illegals. The reasons for illegal migration are economic, social and cultural. The number of IELTS colleges in Punjab shows that the demand for immigration is very high. The youth of Punjab have poor education level but they possess drive, courage, adaptability, capacity to work hard and dream to make it big in life.

There are horrendous stories of illegal migrants in this chapter, but I will focus on just one. Mandeep Kaur eloped with her boyfriend who painted a rosy picture of life in Italy. She paid 20 lakhs to an agent to get a fake travel document cum visa. On reaching Italy, her dream was shattered as her boyfriend turned out to be a garbage collector. He was a heavy drinker and started beating her on lame excuses. Poor girl was reduced to a maid servant and gang raped by friends of his boy friend. She ran away and rescued by an Italian family and then moved on to Germany. Similar stories of other girls trapped in Greece and Georgia are told by the author.

In the last Chapter "Conclusions", the author has repeated country-wise highlights, which is not required in this Chapter. Hence my conclusions, you may call as my observations, are certainly broad-based but based on the study of the author, Swarn Singh Kahlon. Why is Sikh youth running mad after immigration to any country using fair and foul means is a million-dollar question? My observations are as under:

1. The Sikh Youth has lost its moorings in Punjab and is looking for greener pastures in foreign countries. It is due to failure of Punjab Government to create opportunities and employment for the youth in Punjab.
2. Travel agents are making merry by charging gullible youths any amount varying from 2 to 20 lakhs for getting them fake visas issued.
3. Illegal immigrants follow donkey routes undergoing all type of hazards to life to reach their destination. Malta tragedy is still fresh in our memories.
4. Gurdwaras have proliferated in all countries and serve the religious, social, and cultural needs of Sikh community.
5. If the visa restrictions are removed, it will lead to an exodus in Punjab, a scenario beyond our imagination.

The book is very well written, free of flaws, and provides useful source material for researchers in social sciences and diaspora studies. The author participated in Lund Conferences to hone his skills in the area of his investigations. I am looking forward to his next volume covering Sikh migration to Africa. Swarn Singh Kahlon has created a history by travelling through 80 countries around the globe for his studies into the Sikh migration.