Greece has attracted Sikh migrants because of two reasons. Greek Shipping Lines recruited Sikhs and for working on a ship no visa is required till one is sailing on high seas. Most of them entered Greece as illegal immigrants by jumping off on the shore as soon as the ship docked in a port. The other reason is that Greece is the entry point to Europe for those who travelled by the land route via Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey. This is the famous 'donkey route' to Europe. There are 14 Gurdwaras in Greece. Many girls are stranded in Greece without finding jobs and end up into flesh trade. The author has captured the story of Brijpal Singh, who did his doctorate in Economics from Athens university in 1980. He remained a Gursikh and his turban proved to be a blessing in disguise.

Italy boasts of maximum Sikh migrants in Europe estimated to be more than 50,000 including both legal and illegal. The reason being easier entry and work permit. They are involved in dairy farming, wood cutting and leather industry. The first Gurdwara was set up in 1991 in an abandoned flour mill. The author visited Gurdwaras at Sabaudia near Rome, Falero near Brescia, and Novellara in Reggio Emilia. He has recorded interviews of a half a dozen Sikh migrants. One of the earliest to reach Italy for higher education is Avtar Singh Rana, who has been City Councillor of Orbassano, the town where Sonia Gandhi was born. I visited this town near Turin in 1971 and later during my visits to ICTP, Trieste as a Senior Fellow.

Sikh migration to Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) started during 1970s. Sikhs in Denmark number around 3000 and most of them are employed as public servants (bus drivers, nurses) and in private businesses. Norway proved to be another big attraction for Sikh migrants. Prof. Knut A. Jacobsen and Kristina Myrvold have written books about Sikhs in Norway and Europe. There are three Gurdwaras in Norway. Harinder Singh Khalsa was first Secretary in Indian Embassy in Oslo, who resigned his post and took asylum in Norway. Gurpreet Singh Sandhu from Chandigarh plays for the leading Soccer Club Team in Norway. Dr.Taranjeet Singh is a dentist in Oslo and his wife, Rupinder Kaur, a psychologist, are teaching Punjabi and 'Nitnem' banis to students during summer vacation. Sikh migrants number around 3000 in Sweden and there are four Gurdwaras. The case studies show that Sweden has a vibrant Sikh community and the new generation is doing well in education.

Portugal and Spain are two other countries of Europe where Sikh immigration started during 1990s. It is still going on. Why Portugal became an attractive destination for Sikh migrants? The main reason is an easy work permit and passport. It is a popular saying among migrants, "low wages but high hopes of a passport". In a way, Portugal has become a transit point for Sikh migrants to move on to Germany and France. Spain has 20,000 Sikh migrants, next to Italy only, most of them living in Catalonia (Barcelona and its environs). There are 15 Gurdwaras in Spain and free langar was served during Parliament of World's Religions held in Barcelona in July 2004. Sikhs enjoy religious freedom in both these countries and enjoy respect of locals.