There are seven Gurdwaras in Austria. Guru Ravidas Gurdwara in Vienna came into limelight when it was attacked by six men killing Sant Ramanand and injuring his colleague, Sant Niranjan Das, the spiritual head of Dera Sachkhand Ballan near Jalandhar. This is an isolated event, otherwise, recent reports speak highly of the Sikh community winning hearts of Syrian refugees by serving langar in refugee camps. Under case studies, author has interviewed Dr. Avtar Singh Seth, who migrated to Austria in 1955, graduated in Medicine, married a local girl Sylvia, and served the local community with great zeal. He is the most decorated Sikh in Austria awarded President's medal in 2004.

Leaving case studies of Belgium, Denmark, and Finland, I leapfrog to France, my favourite country in Europe where I got my higher education during 1970-72. Author has included the story of Naresh Pal Singh based on my account published in Sikhchic.com. He has reported that Maharaja Duleep Singh (son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) was the first Sikh migrant who died unsung in Paris in 1893. It was not a migration from Punjab but a voluntary exile from England in the form of a protest to gain his lost kingdom. According to Christine Molinier, a French researcher, there are 15,000 Sikhs in France, most of them involved in three sectors: clothing, catering and construction. The first Gurdwara was set up in a Paris suburb of Bobigny in mid-1980s. Now there are four Gurdwaras in the Paris region as the Sikh population has increased. Bobigny gurdwara is running 'Gurmat' and Punjabi classes on week-ends and training of Sikh youth in martial arts (gatka).

Traditionally, French people are known for their love of Indian culture and traditions. However, the Sikhs face a turban ban due to French Government's strict secular laws to ban display of religious symbols in office or public schools. Ranjit Singh fought a case in national and international forums but failed to convince the authorities; hence he returned to live in India with dignity. Sikh youths are facing an acute situation as their admission is banned in public schools. Ranjit G. Singh, a practicing lawyer in Paris, is fighting for Sikh rights as a spokesperson of 'The Council of Sikhs' in France. He was instrumental in getting a bust of Maharaja Ranjit Singh installed in St. Tropez in South of France as General Allard of Ranjit Singh's Khalsa army belonged to this town. This year, Ranjit G. Singh won the election of Councillor in Bobigny.

Germany has been a favourite destination for Sikh migration because of higher wages as compared to other European countries. The estimated number of Sikh migrants is 20-30 thousand. The number of Gurdwaras is 39, the highest in any other country of Europe. Author has included many case studies. I will like to mention just two cases: Kirpal Singh Sodhi of Berlin has 42 publications in two languages to his credit and is considered as the founder of modern Social Psychology in Germany. Rajvinder Singh is a Poet Laureate with 14 anthologies of poetry to his credit, two in Punjabi and 12 in German.