PANAMA
The construction of Panama Canal provided job opportunities for the Sikhs and its strategic location was a plus point. A large Gurdwara exists Sindhi contribution.

MEXICO
Some ships offloaded the Sikhs in Mexico because of the American Govt refusal to allow them entry. They decided to settle down in Mexico hoping that one day they can cross the border. There is a Gurdwara in Mexico City and there are quite a few 3HO converts who are devout Sikh Khalsas. Small presence in Northwest provinces. The country was basically a transit destination for USA. Interviewed Satguru Singh Khalsa in Xalapa, 300 kms from Mexico City. Interesting as to how he fought battles with a public school for his son to wear patka and succeeded.

OTHER COUNTRIES
Peru, Paraguay, and Chile mainly 3 HO.